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Right to Education (RTE Act 2009)
Asked 3 months ago · Viewed 4,525 times
हिन्दी English

Under Environmental Studies (EVS) teaching-learning and Ecosystem, consider the following statements regarding 'Ecological Pyramids':

  1. 1. The 'Pyramid of Numbers' is always upright, whether it is a grassland ecosystem, a forest ecosystem, or a large-sized tree ecosystem.
  2. 2. The 'Pyramid of Biomass' is upright in most terrestrial ecosystems, because the total biomass of producers is much higher than that of consumers, but in an aquatic ecosystem (such as a pond or sea) it is inverted because the biomass of phytoplankton is lower than that of higher carnivorous animals.
  3. 3. The 'Pyramid of Energy' in any ecosystem is always upright, because according to the Laws of Thermodynamics, there is a continuous decrease during the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

Detailed Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the pyramid of numbers is not always upright. In a tree ecosystem, the pyramid of numbers is inverted, where a single large tree (producer) supports numerous birds and thousands of parasites on them. Statement 2 is correct because in terrestrial systems the pyramid of biomass is upright, while in aquatic systems it is inverted due to the lower lifespan and biomass of phytoplanktons and higher biomass of aquatic animals (like fish). Statement 3 is correct because the pyramid of energy is always upright, energy flow is unidirectional, and energy decreases at each successive level.
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