Lev Vygotsky
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Consider the following statements regarding Lev Vygotsky's 'Socio-cultural Theory of Development' and the process of cognitive development in Child Development and Pedagogy:
- 1. According to Vygotsky, a child's cognitive development is primarily not the result of biological maturation and independent exploration, but occurs through the interplay of social interaction, culture, and language.
- 2. The 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) is the difference between the actual developmental level and the potential developmental level that a child can achieve under the guidance or collaboration of an adult or More Knowledgeable Other (MKO).
- 3. 'Scaffolding' refers to the permanent and immutable biological support genetically provided by parents to children during adolescence so that they can independently solve complex problems.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because according to Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, the role of society, culture, and language is paramount in a child's mental development. Statement 2 is also correct; ZPD is the zone between the actual developmental level (performing tasks without help) and the potential developmental level (performing tasks with guidance). Statement 3 is incorrect because 'Scaffolding' is not permanent or biological support, but a temporary and adjustable teaching aid provided to the learner, which is gradually removed as mastery over the task is achieved. Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
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