Lev Vygotsky
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Consider the following statements regarding Lev Vygotsky's 'Socio-Cultural Theory of Development' under Child Development and Pedagogy:
- 1. According to Vygotsky, culture, language, and social interaction play the most significant role in a child's cognitive development, and he believed that language develops first as 'social speech' and later as 'inner speech'.
- 2. The 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) is the difference between the actual level of development and the potential level of development that a child can achieve independently and under the guidance of an adult or a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO).
- 3. 'Scaffolding' is a permanent mental framework given by Vygotsky under which the assistance provided by a teacher or adult remains lifelong, even if the child learns to perform difficult tasks independently.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are completely correct. According to Lev Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, children's cognitive development is the result of the interaction of society, culture, and language. According to him, language first emerges as external or social speech and finally takes the form of inner thoughts. ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development) is the difference between the actual developmental level and the potential developmental level achieved with the help of MKO. Statement 3 is incorrect because 'scaffolding' is a temporary support, which is gradually removed as the child's capacity increases, rather than being a permanent structure that lasts for a lifetime.
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