Jean Piaget
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With reference to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, consider the following key characteristics of the 'Pre-operational Stage' (approximately 2 to 7 years):
- 1. In this stage, children exhibit a tendency of 'Animism', under which they consider inanimate objects (such as toys, dolls, or clouds) to be living and imagine them to possess human feelings and consciousness.
- 2. The child suffers from 'Egocentrism', which means that they view the world solely from their own perspective and assume that other people think and feel exactly as they do.
- 3. During this phase, children develop the full capacity for 'Reversibility', allowing them to easily understand that if water can be turned into ice, ice can also be turned back into water.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the 'Pre-operational Stage' spans from approximately 2 to 7 years of age. The main characteristics of this stage are:
- Animism: Children of this age consider inanimate objects to be living (such as thinking dolls feel hungry). Statement 1 is correct.
- Egocentrism: The child is unable to understand that another person's perspective may differ from theirs. They view the world solely from their own viewpoint. Statement 2 is also correct.
- Lack of Reversibility: Children in the pre-operational stage lack 'reversibility', i.e., the mental ability to reverse a process. They fail to understand that if 2 + 3 = 5, then 5 - 3 = 2 as well. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect because the quality of reversibility develops later in the 'Concrete Operational Stage' (7 to 11 years).
Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
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