Jean Piaget
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With reference to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following are the key characteristics of the 'Formal Operational Stage'?
- 1. The duration of this stage is generally from 11 years to adulthood (15 years and beyond), in which the child becomes capable of abstract thinking and deductive reasoning.
- 2. The child at this level can think like a scientific method and systematically test all possible logical alternatives or hypotheses to solve a problem.
- 3. Upon reaching this stage, the child learns the basic principles of 'conservation' and 'classification' for the first time, which are completely absent in the preceding pre-operational stage.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, in the Formal Operational Stage (11 to 15 years), children develop abstract thinking, hypothetico-deductive reasoning, and a scientific outlook. Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are completely correct. On the other hand, the development of 'conservation' takes place during the 'Concrete Operational Stage' (7 to 11 years), not in the formal operational stage. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
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