Education Commissions, Committees & Policies
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With reference to the development of modern education and colonial educational policies in India, consider the following statements:
- 1. Charles Wood's Despatch on Education (1854), known as the 'Magna Carta of Indian Education', considered the responsibility of mass education as the primary duty of the Company government and recommended the use of the mother tongue at the primary level and English medium at the higher education level.
- 2. Following Lord Macaulay's Minute (1835) and the Anglican-Orientalist Controversy, Lord William Bentinck's government passed the English Education Act, whose main objective was to spread European literature and science and prepare cheap clerks for administration through Western education.
- 3. The Hunter Education Commission (1882) was primarily constituted to review the progress of primary education, and this commission strongly advocated handing over the control of primary education to newly formed district boards and municipal boards (local bodies).
- 4. The Sadler University Commission (1917-19), along with investigating the problems of Calcutta University, recommended increasing the duration of school education to 12 years and also suggested that government control over universities should be completely abolished.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely true. Charles Wood's Despatch (1854) considered the spread of education as the duty of the government and recommended the mother tongue at the primary level and English at the higher level as the medium. Macaulay's Minute (1835) promoted Western education and English. The Hunter Commission (1882) reviewed primary education and recommended handing over its management to local bodies. Statement 4 is false because the Sadler Commission (1917-19) did not talk about abolishing government control over universities, but rather talked about giving greater autonomy to universities along with a certain scope of government control.
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