Emotional Development
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Consider the following statements regarding Newton's laws of motion, the principle of conservation of momentum, and frictional force under mechanics:
- 1. Newton's first law of motion, also known as the 'Law of Inertia', provides a qualitative definition of force, whereas the second law provides a quantitative expression for the magnitude of force ($F = ma$).
- 2. The Law of Conservation of Momentum is based on the premise that if no external unbalanced force acts on a system, the total linear momentum of that system remains constant (conserved), the best examples of which are the launch of a rocket and the backward recoil when a gun is fired.
- 3. The maximum value of static friction is called limiting friction, and it depends on the nature of the contact surfaces and the normal reaction force, but its value changes with a change in the area of the contact surfaces.
- 4. When an object moves in a fluid or gas, the opposing force exerted by the fluid against its motion is called 'viscosity' or viscous force, the magnitude of which depends on the velocity of the object, its shape, and the nature of the fluid.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 2 and 4 are completely true. Newton's first law gives the definition of inertia and the qualitative form of force, while the second law yields $F=ma$. According to the principle of conservation of momentum, total momentum remains conserved in the absence of external force (e.g., rocket propulsion). The force opposing motion in a fluid is called viscosity. Statement 3 is false because limiting friction (or static friction) does not depend on the area of contact surfaces, but only on the normal reaction force and the nature of the surfaces.
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