Sigmund Freud
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In the context of Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory, if toilet training during the 'Anal Stage' (approximately 1.5 to 3 years) is conducted by parents with extreme harshness or rigidity, Freud suggests that the child may develop an 'Anal-Retentive' character in their adult personality. Which of the following psychological traits and behaviors are most prominently observed in individuals with this specific character?
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Detailed Explanation
According to Sigmund Freud's psychosexual development theory, during the Anal Stage, the child's primary source of pleasure is linked to defecation and control. If toilet training is excessively strict during this period, children may develop one of two personality traits: 'Anal-Retentive' or 'Anal-Expulsive'.
Key Characteristics
- Anal-Retentive Personality: Adults with this trait tend to be excessively organized, stubborn, stingy, and perfectionistic.
- Anal-Expulsive Personality: Associated with lenient training, leading to messy and disorganized behaviors.
Therefore, option B accurately describes the traits of an anal-retentive individual.
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