Gardner: Multiple Intelligences
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When comparatively analyzing Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences and Charles Spearman's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following statements accurately explains the most fundamental difference between the philosophical and scientific perspectives of these two theories?
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Charles Spearman proposed in his Two-Factor Theory that intelligence consists of a general factor (g-factor) and several specific factors (s-factors), where 'g' is fundamental to all mental activities. In contrast, Howard Gardner rejected the notion of intelligence as a unitary construct in his Theory of Multiple Intelligences, arguing instead that intelligences are relatively independent of one another (such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, etc.).
- Spearman's Approach: Psychometric, focusing on a hierarchical, general cognitive ability.
- Gardner's Approach: Neuropsychological and contextual, emphasizing distinct modalities of intelligence.
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