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Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
Asked 2 months ago · Viewed 3,165 times
हिन्दी English

In the context of the comparative study of Edward Thorndike's 'Trial and Error Theory', Ivan Pavlov's 'Classical Conditioning Theory', and B.F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning Theory', which of the following statements most accurately explains the fundamental difference between the learning mechanisms and stimulus-response (S-R) relationships of these three theories?

Detailed Explanation

Detailed Explanation

To understand the comparative learning mechanisms of these major behavioral theories, we must examine their core stimulus-response frameworks:

  • Edward Thorndike: Proposed the 'Trial and Error Theory' (Law of Effect), where connections are strengthened by satisfying consequences.
  • Ivan Pavlov: Developed 'Classical Conditioning', where involuntary (reflexive) responses are elicited by pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned, natural stimulus.
  • B.F. Skinner: Formulated 'Operant Conditioning', focusing on voluntary (operant) behaviors that are controlled and modified by their consequences, such as reinforcement and punishment.

Therefore, option A accurately highlights the distinct nature of S-R mechanisms across all three learning paradigms.

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