Sigmund Freud
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According to Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory, when a child passes through the 'Anal Stage', what is the primary psychological characteristic of this phase and what impact does 'toilet training' have on the child's future personality development?
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Detailed Explanation
Freud's Psychosexual Development: The Anal Stage
According to Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the Anal Stage occurs approximately between 1.5 to 3 years of age, where the primary source of pleasure is linked to bladder and bowel control.
- Toilet Training Conflict: This period marks the central psychological conflict surrounding bowel and bladder control.
- Anal-Retentive Personality: If parents adopt an overly strict and harsh approach toward toilet training, the child may develop an anal-retentive personality, characterized by extreme stubbornness, meticulousness, and stinginess.
- Anal-Expulsive Personality: Conversely, an overly lenient approach can lead to an anal-expulsive personality, resulting in disorganization, carelessness, and defiance.
Therefore, option B accurately describes the psychological characteristics and potential outcomes of the anal stage.
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