Intelligence: Concept & Theories
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Under Charles Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence, the 'General Factor' (g-factor) is defined as a universal, innate, and unchangeable mental energy that is universally present across all intellectual tasks, logical problems, and cognitive activities. Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding its true psychological implications for academic performance, transfer of learning, and cognitive functioning in classroom teaching?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence
Charles Spearman proposed the Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence in 1904, stating that intellectual activities involve two factors: the General Factor (g-factor) and the Specific Factor (s-factor).
- g-factor (General Factor): Regarded as an innate, universal, and stable mental energy applied uniformly across all intellectual operations.
- Academic Relevance: It determines a student's general capacity to master diverse academic disciplines like mathematics, science, and languages.
- Validity: Option (b) correctly identifies it as a general mental energy underlying overall cognitive and academic potential.
Options (a), (c), and (d) are scientifically incorrect because the g-factor is not purely acquired from the environment, is not limited to specific arts, and is not a temporary psychological state.
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