Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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Consider the following statements regarding the ancient Indian education system and the Vedic period:
- 1. In the Vedic period, the academic session began with the 'Upanayana Sanskar', which was called the 'second birth' (Dvija), and after this ritual, the student received the title of 'Brahmachari'.
- 2. The 'Samavartana Sanskar' was performed on the occasion of the completion of education or convocation, after which the student was called a 'Snataka' and could enter the 'Grihastha Ashram'.
- 3. In the Vedic education system, strict adherence to Brahmacharya was mandatory for students, and the main medium of instruction was Sanskrit, imparting education in the Vedas, Vedangas, philosophy, and Ayurveda.
- 4. In the Vedic period, women had full rights to obtain education, and the Rigvedic period mentions learned women (Brahmavadinis) such as Gargi, Maitreyi, Apala, and Ghosha, who also contributed to the composition of Vedic mantras.
Which of the above statements are correct?
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Detailed Explanation
All four statements given regarding the Vedic-era education system are completely true. 1. According to the Vedas and ancient texts, formal education of a child began through the Upanayana Sanskar, which was considered his second birth (Dvija), and he was called a Brahmachari. 2. Upon completion of education, the Samavartana Sanskar took place, after which the student became a Snataka and entered household life. 3. Education was imparted entirely in the teacher's ashram (Gurukul) with strict discipline and observance of Brahmacharya through the Sanskrit medium. 4. Women held a highly respected position in the Rigvedic period; they had the right to education, and learned women like Gargi, Maitreyi, Apala, and Ghosha contributed to high-level philosophical knowledge and the composition of Vedic hymns.
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