Jean Piaget
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In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, consider the following statements:
- 1. According to Piaget, the concept of 'Conservation' develops primarily during the 'Pre-operational Stage', in which the child understands that even if the form or shape of an object changes, its quantity or mass remains unchanged.
- 2. The quality of 'Object Permanence' is a very important achievement of the 'Sensorimotor Stage', upon the development of which the child begins to understand that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
- 3. The 'Formal Operational Stage' begins around 11-12 years of age, in which adolescents fully develop the capacity for 'Abstract Thinking' and 'Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning'.
- 4. Piaget believed that children construct their knowledge actively by themselves, and the nature of their thinking differs from that of adults only quantitatively, not qualitatively.
Which of the above statements are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, statement 1 is incorrect because the concept of 'Conservation' develops not in the pre-operational stage, but during the 'Concrete Operational Stage' (7-11 years). Children in the pre-operational stage exhibit the flaw of 'Centration'. Statement 4 is also incorrect because, according to Piaget, children's thinking differs from adults not only quantitatively, but qualitatively. Conversely, statement 2 (object permanence - sensorimotor stage) and statement 3 (abstract thinking and deductive reasoning in formal operational stage) are completely correct. Thus, the correct option is B.
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