Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
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In the context of 'Motivation and Learning', besides 'Self-Actualization' at the apex representing the transition between lower and higher-level needs in psychologist Abraham Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs Theory', which higher psychological need did Maslow add to his later revised models?
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Detailed Explanation
Explanation
Abraham Maslow originally proposed Self-Actualization as the highest need in his 1943 and 1954 Hierarchy of Needs theory. However, in the later years of his life (around 1969 in his revised models), Maslow added an even higher level above self-actualization called Self-Transcendence.
- Self-Transcendence: At this peak level, an individual moves beyond personal ego and self-interest to connect with something greater than oneself, such as cosmic consciousness, altruism, and a broader universal purpose.
Therefore, option (c) is the correct psychological advancement in Maslow's later motivational framework.
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