Intelligence: Concept & Theories
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With reference to the 'Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence', which of the following statements is most appropriate and true regarding the scientific nature of 'General Intelligence or g-factor' and 'Specific Intelligence or s-factor' propounded by psychologist Charles Spearman, their concept of mental Energy, and their comparative interrelationships with the theories of 'Fluid Intelligence (Gf)' and 'Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)' propounded by Raymond Cattell?
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Detailed Explanation
Charles Spearman propounded the 'Two-Factor Theory' of intelligence in 1904. According to him, intelligence consists of two factors: the 'g-factor' (General Factor), which is innate, universal, and a type of mental energy, and the 's-factor' (Specific Factor), which is acquired through specific skills and training. Additionally, Raymond Cattell divided intelligence into 'Fluid Intelligence' (Gf) and 'Crystallized Intelligence' (Gc). Fluid intelligence is biologically and genetically determined, used in solving novel problems, while crystallized intelligence is based on acquired knowledge, experience, and culture. Therefore, option (A) provides the most accurate and true description of this scientific perspective.
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