Intelligence: Concept & Theories
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Under Charles Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence, the concept of General Intelligence ('g' factor)—which posits that the 'g' factor is a universal, innate, and immutable mental energy equally inherent in all types of intellectual tasks, logical problems, and cognitive performances throughout a person's life—holds specific psychological implications for assessing innate intellectual capacity, differentiated instruction, and scientific management of academic achievement in classroom teaching. Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding this concept?
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Detailed Explanation
Charles Spearman's Two-Factor Theory
Charles Spearman proposed the Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence in 1904. According to this theory, every mental task involves two types of abilities or factors:
- General Factor ('g' factor): A universal, innate mental energy used across all intellectual and logical tasks.
- Specific Factor ('s' factor): Specialized abilities required for specific tasks.
Although the 'g' factor is considered innate and global, modern educational psychology and child development perspectives recognize that a rich, stimulating educational environment, proper guidance, and cognitive practices can maximize the utilization of this mental energy and ensure positive academic achievement.
Therefore, Option (b) provides the most accurate explanation of the scientific and classroom implications of this psychological concept.
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