Mental Health & Stress
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Under the teaching-learning of Environmental Studies (EVS), consider the following statements regarding 'Biogeochemical Cycles' and 'Energy Flow':
- 1. The 'carbon cycle' is a completely gaseous cycle, in which carbon dioxide goes from the atmosphere to plants through photosynthesis, and this cycle is limited only to terrestrial ecosystems with no role in aquatic systems.
- 2. The 'phosphorus cycle' is an excellent example of a 'sedimentary cycle', whose main reservoirs are rocks, soil, and oceanic sediment, and atmospheric circulation plays no major role in it.
- 3. The flow of energy in any ecosystem is always 'unidirectional' (according to Lindeman's 10% law), whereas the flow of nutrients is 'cyclic', as nutrients are repeatedly recycled within the ecosystem.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect because the carbon cycle is not limited to terrestrial systems; it operates extensively in oceans and aquatic ecosystems as well (oceans act as carbon sinks). Statement 2 is correct because the phosphorus cycle is a sedimentary cycle whose main reservoir is the Earth's crust (rocks) and soil, with a negligible atmospheric phase. Statement 3 is correct because energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional from the sun to producers and then consumers, while various nutrients (such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) flow cyclically between the environment and living organisms.
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