Lawrence Kohlberg
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Consider the following statements regarding Lawrence Kohlberg's 'Theory of Moral Development' in Child Development and Pedagogy:
- 1. Kohlberg divided moral development primarily into three levels and two stages in each level, making a total of six stages, to study which he used dilemma stories, especially the 'Heinz Dilemma'.
- 2. The second stage of the 'Pre-conventional Level' (approximately 4 to 10 years) is related to the 'Instrumental Relativist Orientation', in which the child makes decisions not for the welfare of others, but solely based on self-interest, personal gain, or the rule of 'Tit for Tat' exchange.
- 3. The final stage (sixth stage) of the 'Post-conventional Level' is called the 'Universal Ethical Principle Orientation', in which an individual decides what is right or wrong based on their conscience, human rights, and universal principles of justice, disregarding external rules or laws if they contradict them.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a very important and conceptual topic in child development psychology. All three given statements are completely true: 1) Kohlberg described 3 levels and 6 stages of moral development and used the famous 'Heinz Dilemma' for his research. 2) Under the pre-conventional level, the second stage is 'Instrumental Purpose Orientation', where the child is motivated by the spirit of 'If you scratch my back, I will scratch yours' (Tit for Tat). 3) The sixth and final stage of the post-conventional level is the 'Universal Ethical Principle Orientation', where a person rises above society-made laws and gives top priority to their personal inner conscience and universal principles of justice (such as non-violence, human rights).
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