Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)
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Consider the following statements regarding 'Ecological Succession' and 'Climax Community' under Environmental Studies (EVS):
- 1. Primary succession starts where there were no living organisms or organic soil previously, such as bare rocks, lava flows, or new sand dunes, and in this process lichens or mosses enter first as 'Pioneer Species'.
- 2. Secondary succession occurs in an area where life already existed but was destroyed due to a natural disaster (like wildfire, flood) or human activity, and since fertile soil and seed banks already exist there, this process moves much faster compared to primary succession.
- 3. The final and stable stage of succession is called the 'Climax Community', in which species diversity is maximum and this community remains in complete balance with the environment, and without climate change there is no change in it.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Primary succession starts from completely barren areas like bare rocks, cold lava, or newly formed sand dunes where there was no soil or life previously. Here lichens and mosses act as 'pioneer species' to break down rocks and form soil.
Statement 2 is correct: Secondary succession takes place at a place where life existed before but was destroyed by floods, forest fires, or deforestation. Since soil and nutrients are already present there, it progresses faster than primary succession.
Statement 3 is incorrect: 'Climax community' is the final stable stage of succession, but this does not mean that there is never any change in it. It remains in dynamic equilibrium and changes can occur due to long-term climate changes or major natural disturbances.
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