Moral & Character Development
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In the context of Child Development and Pedagogy, consider the following statements regarding Lawrence Kohlberg's 'Theory of Moral Development' and its various stages:
- 1. Under the 'Pre-conventional Level' of Kohlberg's theory, a child's moral reasoning is primarily based on external punishment, rewards, and obedience, where under 'relativist orientation' the child understands that tit-for-tat or personal needs dictate the rules.
- 2. Within the 'Conventional Level', the 'Good Boy-Good Girl Orientation' and 'Law and Order Orientation' occur, where an individual considers upholding society's expectations, social norms, and rules as the highest morality.
- 3. In the 'Post-conventional Level', morality is entirely controlled by external laws and social pressures, and an individual reaching this level can never place personal conscience or universal human values above the law.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: In Kohlberg's pre-conventional level (approx. 4 to 10 years), moral development is guided by external consequences (punishment and reward), including obedience and instrumental relativist orientations (satisfying personal needs).
Statement 2 is correct: In the conventional level (approx. 10 to 13 years), maintaining social rules and relationships is important; it includes both 'good boy-good girl' (pleasing others) and 'law and order' (maintaining social order) orientations.
Statement 3 is incorrect because in the post-conventional level, morality is free from external pressures and based on 'internal conscience' and 'universal ethical principles', where an individual may go against unjust laws of society to follow higher human values.
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