Lev Vygotsky
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According to Lev Vygotsky, the proponent of the Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive Development, what is the role of language, culture, and the 'More Knowledgeable Other' (MKO) in cognitive development? Consider the following statements:
- 1. According to Vygotsky, language is not merely a communication tool in a child's cognitive development, but the primary psychological tool that shapes children's thoughts and facilitates self-regulation.
- 2. The 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) is the range where a child can independently solve problems more difficult than their capacity without any adult support.
- 3. 'Scaffolding' refers to the temporary and flexible support provided to the child by a teacher, parent, or MKO during the learning process, which is gradually reduced as the child's independence increases.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to Lev Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive Development, language, culture, and social interactions play a foundational role in shaping higher mental functions.
- Statement 1 is correct: Vygotsky viewed language as the most critical psychological tool that directs and organizes children's thinking, eventually leading to inner speech and self-regulation.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is defined as the distance between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from an MKO. Solving problems entirely without support falls outside the concept of ZPD.
- Statement 3 is correct: Scaffolding represents the adjustable, temporary support given by an instructor or peer during the learning phase, which is systematically faded out as the learner gains mastery.
Conclusion: Since statements 1 and 3 are correct, option (c) is the right choice.
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