Jean Piaget
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With reference to Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, which of the following are the key features of the 'Pre-operational Stage' (approximately 2 to 7 years)?
- 1. The tendency of 'Animism', under which a child considers inanimate objects (such as toys, dolls, or stones) to be living and thinks that they can also feel, speak, or are alive.
- 2. 'Egocentrism', due to which a child assumes that other people perceive their own perspectives, thoughts, and experiences, and experience the world in the exact same way as they do.
- 3. The complete development of the capacity for 'Conservation' and 'Reversibility', through which a child understands that changing the shape of an object leaves its quantity unchanged and that a process can be thought of in the reverse direction.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, features like 'Animism' and 'Egocentrism' are clearly found in children during the 'Pre-operational Stage' (2 to 7 years). A child in this stage believes that inanimate objects are also living and is unable to understand the perspective of others. In contrast, the capacity for 'Conservation' and 'Reversibility' does not develop in the pre-operational stage; rather, it is a main feature of the subsequent stage, namely the 'Concrete Operational Stage' (7 to 11 years). Therefore, statement 3 is incorrect while statements 1 and 2 are correct.
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