Cognitive Development
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With reference to Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, consider the following statements:
- 1. During the Pre-operational Stage (approximately 2 to 7 years), the quality of 'Conservation' develops completely in children, enabling them to understand that changing the shape or form of an object leaves its quantity or volume unchanged.
- 2. In the Concrete Operational Stage (approximately 7 to 11 years), the child acquires the ability for classification, reversibility, and logical thinking regarding objects, provided those objects are within the scope of their direct vision or experience (concrete).
- 3. In the Formal Operational Stage (11 years onwards), the capacity for abstract thinking, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and scientific thinking develops within adolescents.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect because the quality of 'Conservation' does not develop in the pre-operational stage; rather, it is a key feature of the Concrete Operational Stage. Children in the pre-operational stage exhibit 'Centration' and 'Irreversibility' along with a lack of conservation. Statement 2 is true because in this stage the child learns classification and reversibility in the context of concrete objects. Statement 3 is also true because abstract thinking and hypothetical-deductive reasoning develop in the formal operational stage. Therefore, the correct option is (b) '2 and 3 only'.
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