National Curriculum Framework (NCF)
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With reference to the ancient Indian educational system and Buddhist-Vedic period education, consider the following statements:
- 1. In the Buddhist educational system, 'Viharas' and 'Sanghas' were the centers of higher education, where monks receiving education were called 'Samaneras', and Mahaviharas like Nalanda, Vallabhi, and Vikramashila were internationally famous centers of education where strict gatekeeper scholars conducted oral entrance examinations.
- 2. In the Vedic educational system, following the 'Brahmacharya ashrama' was mandatory in Gurukul-based education, and emphasis was placed on character building, self-control, and the development of spiritual consciousness among students, with Sanskrit being completely the medium of instruction.
- 3. In the medieval Muslim educational system, there was a provision of 'Maktab' for primary education and 'Madarsa' for higher education, and Maktabs provided only religious education with a complete absence of any kind of reading, writing, or practical education, as the state had no intervention in it.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because in Buddhist education, higher education was imparted in viharas and sanghas, and gatekeeper scholars conducted strict examinations for admission into Mahaviharas like Nalanda and Vikramashila. Statement 2 is correct because in the Vedic period, Sanskrit was the medium of Gurukul education, and emphasis was laid on character and spiritual development under the Brahmacharya ashrama. Statement 3 is incorrect because Maktabs provided practical education such as writing, reading, correspondence, and elementary mathematics along with memorizing the Quran, rather than a complete absence of them.
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