Gardner: Multiple Intelligences
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With reference to J.P. Guilford's Structure of Intellect (SOI) model and Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, consider the following statements:
- 1. According to J.P. Guilford's three-dimensional model, intelligence operates across three dimensions: Operations, Contents, and Products, with an original total of 120 intellectual abilities, which was later increased to
- 2.
- 3. Howard Gardner, in his 'Theory of Multiple Intelligences', does not consider intelligence as a single unified entity, but rather as a set of eight (and later nine) independent types of intelligences, which include 'Musical Intelligence' and 'Naturalist Intelligence'.
- 4. In Guilford's model, 'Divergent Thinking' is placed under the 'Contents' dimension, whereas creativity is completely rejected in Gardner's theory.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: According to the Structure of Intellect (SOI) model proposed by J.P. Guilford, intelligence is the intersection of three dimensions (Operations, Contents, and Products). Originally it had 5 x 4 x 6 = 120 abilities, which were later revised to 180. Statement 2 is correct: Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (1983, Frames of Mind) emphasizes a multiplicity of independent intelligences, including musical, naturalist, and interpersonal intelligences. Statement 3 is incorrect: In Guilford's model, 'Divergent Thinking' is placed under the 'Operations' dimension, not under Contents; moreover, Gardner's theory fully respects creativity and various abilities.
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