Methods of Child Study
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With reference to the internal structure of the earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic and seismic events, consider the following statements:
- 1. The 'Ring of Fire' located around the periphery of the Pacific Ocean is primarily a region of convergent plate boundaries, where most active volcanoes and more than 75% of the world's earthquakes are recorded.
- 2. The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale for measuring the magnitude of an earthquake, which means that an increase of each full number on the scale increases energy release by roughly 32 times compared to the previous level.
- 3. Primary waves (P-waves) generated during an earthquake are longitudinal waves that can pass through all three mediums—solid, liquid, and gas—whereas secondary waves (S-waves) are transverse waves and can travel only through solid mediums.
- 4. The mid-oceanic ridge is the best example of divergent plate boundaries, where the upwelling of magma creates new oceanic crust, and earthquakes occurring here are generally of deep-focus.
Which of the above statements is/are completely correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely correct. The Pacific 'Ring of Fire' is associated with convergent plate boundaries and subduction zones where intense earthquakes and volcanoes occur. The Richter scale is logarithmic, increasing energy release by about 32 times per level. P-waves are longitudinal and S-waves travel only through solid mediums. However, statement 4 is incorrect because earthquakes occurring at mid-oceanic ridges (divergent boundaries) are generally of shallow-focus, not deep-focus.
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