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With reference to the development of modern education and colonial educational policies in India, consider the following statements:
- 1. By the Charter Act of 1813, the British Parliament provided for spending an amount of Rs 1 lakh annually for the revival of literature, encouragement of learned Indians, and promotion of science in India.
- 2. The 'Hunter Education Commission' (1882), appointed under the chairmanship of William Hunter, had the main objective of reviewing the progress of primary and secondary education, and it particularly recommended handing over the control of primary education to local bodies (Municipalities and District Boards).
- 3. Based on the recommendations of the 'Raleigh Commission' (1902), the 'Indian Universities Act' was passed in the year 1904, through which government control over universities was tightened and the number of senate members was limited.
- 4. The 'Sadler University Commission' formed in 1917, also known as the Calcutta University Commission, proposed a 12-year school education system for the reform of secondary education and recommended the introduction of 'Honours' courses in universities.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
All the given statements are completely true. 1. The Charter Act of 1813 sanctioned an annual grant of Rs 1 lakh. 2. The Hunter Commission of 1882 focused on primary education. 3. The Indian Universities Act of 1904 tightened university control. 4. The Sadler Commission of 1917 advocated for 12-year schooling.
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