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Consider the following statements regarding historical events that occurred during the tenure of Governor-Generals and Viceroys of British India:
- 1. The Charter Act of 1833 was passed during the tenure of Lord William Bentinck, under which the Governor-General of Bengal was designated as the 'Governor-General of India', initiating the centralization of legislation in the country.
- 2. Under the 'Doctrine of Lapse' during Lord Dalhousie's reign, Satara was the first princely state annexed into the British Empire, and during his tenure, Shimla was made the summer capital of British India, alongside the establishment of the Public Works Department (PWD) for the first time.
- 3. The Vernacular Press Act (1878) and the Arms Act (1878) were passed during Lord Lytton's tenure, alongside the Second Anglo-Afghan War, and the grand 'Delhi Durbar' was organized in Delhi to honor Queen Victoria with the title 'Kaiser-i-Hind'.
- 4. The partition of Bengal was announced by Lord Curzon in 1905, leading to the launch of the Swadeshi Movement in protest, and the Indian Universities Act (1904) along with the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act were passed during his tenure.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
All the given statements regarding the British Viceroys and Governor-Generals are historically accurate:
- Statement 1: Lord William Bentinck oversaw the Charter Act of 1833, centralizing administration and making him the first Governor-General of India.
- Statement 2: Lord Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of Lapse (Satara being the first), established Shimla as the summer capital, and created the PWD.
- Statement 3: Lord Lytton is associated with the controversial Vernacular Press Act (1878), Arms Act (1878), the Second Anglo-Afghan War, and the 1877 Delhi Durbar.
- Statement 4: Lord Curzon carried out the Partition of Bengal in 1905, sparked the Swadeshi movement, and passed the Indian Universities Act of 1904.
Therefore, all statements (1, 2, 3, and 4) are completely correct.
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