Heredity & Environment
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With reference to various infectious and non-infectious diseases in the human body, their pathogens, and treatments, consider the following statements:
- 1. AIDS is a viral disease caused by the 'Human Immunodeficiency Virus' (HIV), which primarily destroys the 'Helper T-cells' of the body and severely weakens the immune system, and the 'Western Blot' test is performed for its confirmation.
- 2. Tuberculosis is an infection spread by a bacterium named 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', for which the DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) system is used for treatment, and the BCG vaccine is administered to children for prevention.
- 3. The life cycle of the malaria parasite 'Plasmodium' is digenetic, in which its sexual reproduction phase is completed in the body of the female Anopheles mosquito, while the infection begins with the 'Sporozoite' stage in human liver cells.
- 4. Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a change in the number of chromosomes, in which mental retardation, flat nose, and a broad forehead appear in the patient due to monosomy of the 21st chromosome.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely true. Facts related to AIDS (HIV), TB (Mycobacterium), and Malaria (Plasmodium) are scientifically correct. However, statement 4 is false because Down syndrome is caused by 'Trisomy' of the 21st chromosome (i.e., the presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome), not by 'Monosomy'.
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