Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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Consider the following statements regarding the Partition of Bengal (1905) and the Swadeshi Movement launched against it:
- 1. The official announcement of the decision to partition Bengal was made by Lord Curzon on July 20, 1905, and in opposition to it, the formal resolution of the 'Swadeshi Movement' was passed at a historic meeting held at the Town Hall in Calcutta on August 7,
- 2.
- 3. The date on which the partition of Bengal came into effect (October 16, 1905) was observed as a 'Day of Mourning' throughout Bengal, where people fasted, tied rakhis on each other's wrists at the call of Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, and sang the song 'Amar Shonar Bangla'.
- 4. During the Swadeshi Movement, along with economic boycott and the use of indigenous goods, efforts were also made in the field of national education, under which the Bengal National College was established, and Aurobindo Ghosh was appointed as its first principal.
- 5. In the 1905 Banaras session (presided over by Gopal Krishna Gokhale) and the 1906 Calcutta session (presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji) of the Congress, there was complete ideological agreement between the Moderates and Extremists regarding the spread of the Swadeshi and boycott movement, and this movement did not spread outside Bengal.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely true. The partition of Bengal was announced by Lord Curzon on July 20, 1905, leading to the Swadeshi Movement starting on August 7, 1905. When the partition took effect on October 16, 1905, a 'Day of Mourning' was observed, rakhis were tied, and Rabindranath Tagore's song 'Amar Shonar Bangla' was sung. To promote national education, the Bengal National College was established with Aurobindo Ghosh as its first principal. Statement 4 is false because differences between moderates and extremists regarding the expansion of Swadeshi became clear during the Banaras (1905) and Calcutta (1906) Congress sessions, and the movement spread beyond Bengal to Punjab, Maharashtra, and Madras.
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