Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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With reference to the ideological and historical context of the 1974 Bihar Student Movement and 'Total Revolution' propounded by Jayaprakash Narayan (JP), consider the following statements:
- 1. The immediate trigger for this movement was in March 1974 by Patna University students against rising inflation, unemployment, food crisis, and educational corruption, at whose call students formed the 'Bihar Student Struggle Committee'.
- 2. Jayaprakash Narayan outlined a total of seven ideological dimensions of Total Revolution, which included social, economic, political, cultural, educational, ideological/moral, and spiritual revolution.
- 3. In the historic public meeting held at Gandhi Maidan in Patna on June 5, 1974, recalling the lines of national poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, JP gave the slogan 'Singhasan khali karo ki janta aati hai' and called for a nationwide satyagraha and total revolution against the Indira Gandhi government.
- 4. To weaken the impact of the JP movement and suppress its growing widespread opposition, the then central government declared a national emergency in the country on June 25, 1975, on the grounds of internal disturbance, under which all major opposition leaders including Jayaprakash Narayan were immediately arrested under MISA.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
The 1974 Bihar student movement was a crucial turning point in Indian political history. In March 1974, students formed the 'Bihar Student Struggle Committee' against inflation, unemployment, and corruption, later led by Jayaprakash Narayan (JP). JP gave it the shape of 'Total Revolution' with seven key dimensions (social, economic, political, cultural, educational, ideological, and moral). On June 5, 1974, he gave the historic slogan at Gandhi Maidan. To control this mass movement, an emergency was imposed on June 25, 1975.
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1. Starting under the leadership of Patna University students in 1974, the main demands of this student movement were rising inflation, unemployment, food scarcity, and educational reforms, which later transformed into a comprehensive political and social revolution.
2. Jayaprakash Narayan called for a 'Total Revolution' to lead this movement, which included a total of seven dimensions of social, economic, political, cultural, ideological, and moral transformation.
3. In the historic rally held at Gandhi Maidan in Patna on June 5, 1974, Jayaprakash Narayan gave the slogan 'Singhasan khali karo ki janta aati hai' (Vacate the throne, for the people are coming) and resolved a nationwide satyagraha and total revolution against the Indira Gandhi government.
4. During the JP movement itself, the internal Emergency was declared in the country by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, under which all major opposition leaders of the country including Jayaprakash Narayan were arrested, and Bihar became the main focal point of this movement.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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