Personality: Theories & Types
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With reference to Gordon Allport's trait theory of personality, which of the following is the most accurate analysis of the hierarchy and psychological characteristics among 'Cardinal Traits', 'Central Traits', and 'Secondary Traits' classified by him?
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Detailed Explanation
Gordon Allport's Trait Theory Analysis
Gordon Allport categorized personality traits into three distinct levels to understand human behavior comprehensively:
- Central Traits: These are foundational characteristics that form the basis of a person's normal behavior (such as kindness or honesty) and are clearly observable in most individuals.
- Cardinal Traits: These are exceptionally dominant and rare traits that direct nearly all of a person's actions and life goals (such as Mahatma Gandhi's overriding commitment to non-violence).
- Secondary Traits: These are more specific, situational preferences or attitudes that only surface under certain conditions.
Therefore, option B provides the most accurate psychological distinction regarding Allport's trait hierarchy.
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