Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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In the historical perspective of the Champaran Satyagraha (1917) and Bihar's role in the Indian freedom movement, consider the following statements:
- 1. At the special request of Rajkumar Shukla, Mahatma Gandhi's attention was drawn to the inhuman atrocities committed by European indigo planters on farmers in Champaran, Bihar, and the 'Tinkathia system' (under which farmers were compulsorily required to cultivate indigo on 3/20th part of their total land).
- 2. When the British administration ordered Mahatma Gandhi to leave the district upon reaching Champaran, he successfully used civil disobedience, as a result of which the government was forced to form the 'Champaran Agrarian Enquiry Committee', and Gandhiji was included as its sole non-official Indian member.
- 3. During the success of the Champaran Satyagraha, prominent national leaders such as Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Brajkishore Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Acharya J.B. Kripalani, and Mahadev Desai joined Gandhiji to conduct deep grassroots administrative and legal investigations, making Bihar a major center of national politics.
- 4. After the conclusion of this satyagraha and the complete abolition of the 'Tinkathia system', Rabindranath Tagore, impressed by Mahatma Gandhi's political and moral success, honored him with the title of 'Mahatma' for the first time, which later proved to be an important milestone in the Indian freedom struggle.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi's first successful civil disobedience movement in the Indian freedom struggle. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely true: Gandhiji came to Champaran at the urging of Rajkumar Shukla, opposed the 'Tinkathia system' (indigo cultivation on 3/20 part), defied administrative orders to play a key role in forming the 'Champaran Agrarian Enquiry Committee', and local leaders like Rajendra Prasad, Brajkishore Prasad, and Anugrah Narayan Sinha provided full cooperation. However, statement 4 is false because Rabindranath Tagore honored Gandhiji with the title of 'Mahatma' in the year 1915 after his successful use of 'Satyagraha' in South Africa, not after the Champaran Satyagraha.
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