Gardner: Multiple Intelligences
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Which of the following represents the most subtle and significant logical distinction between Howard Gardner's 'Theory of Multiple Intelligences' and Charles Spearman's 'Two-Factor Theory'?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Intelligence Theories
Charles Spearman proposed in his Two-Factor Theory that intelligence consists of a general mental energy termed the 'general factor' (G-factor) along with specific abilities known as 'specific factors' (S-factors).
In contrast, Howard Gardner rejected this traditional unitary concept in his Theory of Multiple Intelligences, asserting that intelligence is not a single unified construct, but rather a collection of relatively autonomous intellectual competencies (such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, etc.).
- Spearman's Approach: Psychometric, hierarchical, and unitary (G-factor focused).
- Gardner's Approach: Modularity of mind, diverse, and independent domains of intelligence.
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