Moral & Character Development
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In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, what is the most subtle and significant philosophical distinction between the 'Social Contract and Individual Rights Orientation' and the 'Universal Ethical Principles Orientation', both of which fall under the 'Post-Conventional Level'?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Kohlberg's Post-Conventional Level
At the post-conventional level (Stages 5 and 6) of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, individuals move beyond traditional societal rules to make autonomous moral judgments.
- Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights): Individuals recognize that rules are flexible social constructs that can and should be changed democratically to protect human rights and societal welfare.
- Stage 6 (Universal Ethical Principles): Morality is defined by self-chosen ethical principles that are comprehensive, universal, and consistent (such as justice, human rights, and human dignity), which supersede written laws.
Therefore, the fundamental distinction lies in whether morality is based on a democratic social contract or on abstract, self-chosen universal ethical principles.
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