Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
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According to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, human motivation progressively shifts from 'Deficiency Motivation' (D-needs) to 'Growth Motivation' (B-needs). In the context of this fundamental transformation, which of the following statements provides the most accurate psychological analysis?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Maslow's D-Needs and B-Needs
According to Abraham Maslow's theory, the first four levels of the hierarchy of needs (physiological, safety, belongingness, and esteem) are termed Deficiency Needs (D-needs). Their non-fulfillment leads to feelings of tension and deprivation, and their motivation is primarily linked to alleviating that deficit (tension reduction).
In contrast, the highest level of the hierarchy, Self-Actualization, falls under Growth Needs (B-needs). These are not driven by a lack or deficiency, but by an innate tendency of the individual to develop their inner potential, learn, and explore the meaning of life.
- D-needs: Focus on survival, safety, and deficit reduction.
- B-needs: Focus on personal growth, realization of potential, and psychological well-being.
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