Sigmund Freud
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In the context of Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory, if parents enforce excessively strict or overly lenient potty training during the 'Anal Stage', which of the following specific personality traits are likely to develop in adulthood according to Freud?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation:
According to Sigmund Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development, during the Anal Stage (approximately 1.5 to 3 years of age), the child's primary source of pleasure is centered around the anal region, making toilet training a crucial developmental issue.
- Anal-Retentive Personality: If parents are overly strict, demanding, or punitive during toilet training, the child may develop an anal-retentive character, characterized by extreme neatness, meticulousness, stubbornness, and miserliness (stinginess).
- Anal-Expulsive Personality: Conversely, if parents are too lenient or neglectful, the child may develop an anal-expulsive personality, leading to messiness, disorganization, and carelessness in adulthood.
Therefore, Option B accurately describes the behavioral outcomes associated with fixations during the anal stage.
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