Heredity & Environment
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In the context of the relative importance of heredity and environment and their interactive influence on child development, based on Francis Galton's studies and the modern concepts of genotype and phenotype, which of the following statements provides the most scientific and logical explanation?
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Detailed Explanation
Heredity and Environment in Child Development
Both heredity and environment play crucial and interdependent roles in child development. According to developmental psychologists, heredity provides an individual with a specific Reaction Range, within which various environmental components shape their actual development (phenotype).
- Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual, setting the theoretical limits of potential.
- Phenotype: The observable characteristics resulting from the continuous interaction between the genotype and the environment.
- Reaction Range: The concept that heredity establishes upper and lower boundaries for intelligence and physical traits, but where an individual falls within those limits depends entirely on environmental enrichment and experience.
Therefore, option C is the most scientifically sound statement, refuting extreme biological determinism and environmentalism alike.
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