Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
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According to Abraham Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory, if a student satisfies their basic physiological needs (like hunger, thirst, sleep) and safety needs, but is unable to attain acceptance, affection, and friendship among peers, what will be the most severe and direct psychological impact of this on the student's learning and cognitive development according to Maslow's theory?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in Education
According to Abraham Maslow's humanistic theory of the hierarchy of needs, human needs progress sequentially from lower to higher levels. When foundational and psychological needs—such as love, belongingness, and social connection—are unmet, an individual cannot effectively advance toward higher-level needs such as intellectual pursuits and self-actualization.
If a student feels isolated and lacks peer acceptance:
- Psychological Distress: They experience anxiety, frustration, and feelings of inferiority.
- Cognitive Impairment: Emotional turbulence consumes mental energy, hindering concentration and academic learning.
Therefore, option C correctly identifies the direct psychological barrier to learning.
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