Sigmund Freud
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According to Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory, which of the following psychological factors and behavioral patterns is primarily responsible for the development of the 'anal-retentive' personality type during the 'anal stage'?
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Detailed Explanation
According to Sigmund Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development, the anal stage (approximately 18 months to 3 years of age) is the period when a child's focus is centered on bowel and bladder control.
Key Concepts:
- Anal-Retentive Personality: If parents adopt an overly strict, rigid, or punitive approach to toilet training, the child may develop an anal-retentive personality.
- Behavioral Patterns: Individuals with this personality type often exhibit extreme stubbornness, rigidity, obsessive cleanliness (perfectionism), and stinginess.
Conversely, overly lenient toilet training can lead to an 'anal-expulsive' personality characterized by messiness and disorganization.
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