Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Which of the following is the most fundamental and philosophical difference between Thorndike's Trial and Error Theory and Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory regarding the learning process and the stimulus-response relationship?
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Detailed Explanation
In Thorndike's 'Trial and Error Theory', the stimulus is present first and the organism makes a response to reach it (using a puzzle box), which is called 'S-R Theory'. In contrast, B.F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning' emphasizes that the organism first makes a voluntary response and the subsequent reinforcement controls or repeats that behavior (also called 'R-S Theory' or instrumental conditioning).
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