When making a comparative analysis of Edward Thorndike's 'Trial and Error Theory' and Ivan Pavlov's 'Classical Conditioning Theory' in the field of learning, which of the following statements most accurately highlights the fundamental and core difference between these two theories?

In Thorndike's trial and error theory, the basis of learning is 'satisfaction and annoyance' (Law of Effect), where a cat or other organism learns by making various responses on its own to reach the goal (active learning). In contrast, in Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning theory, an involuntary and natural response (such as salivation) is elicited by establishing an association with an artificial or conditioned stimulus instead of a natural stimulus, where the role of the organism is more controlled compared to Thorndike's theory.