Personality: Theories & Types
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Under the three-dimensional (PEN Model) theory of personality proposed by Hans Eysenck, when performing a detailed psychological and biological analysis of the dimensions 'Psychoticism', 'Extraversion', and 'Neuroticism', which of the following statements most authentically explains the biological basis of his theory and the essential nature of these dimensions?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Eysenck's PEN Model
Hans Eysenck utilized factor analysis to propose a biologically-based theory of personality comprising three primary dimensions known as the PEN model: Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism.
- Neuroticism: Directly linked to the reactivity of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Individuals scoring high in neuroticism exhibit emotional instability because their nervous system reacts intensely even to minor stressors.
- Extraversion: Associated with lower baseline cortical arousal, leading extraverts to seek external stimulation.
- Psychoticism: Strongly tied to biological factors such as testosterone levels and genetic predispositions, rather than being purely environmental.
Therefore, option B accurately describes the physiological foundation of the neuroticism dimension within Eysenck's framework.
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