Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
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Based on a rigorous psychological analysis of Abraham Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs Theory', specifically the hierarchical organization of 'Deficiency Needs' (D-needs) and 'Growth Needs' (B-needs), if a learner is motivated to achieve social belongingness, self-esteem, and ultimately the highest state of 'Self-Actualization' after fully satisfying their lower-level physiological and safety needs, which of the following statements is most authentically true regarding Maslow's motivational paradigm and its ontological assumptions?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
According to Abraham Maslow's theory of human motivation, the lower-level needs in the hierarchy are termed Deficiency Needs (D-needs) because the lack of them creates tension and deficit in an individual. Once these needs are fulfilled, their motivational strength diminishes.
In contrast, Growth Needs (B-needs), such as self-actualization, focus on fulfilling an individual's potential and continue to grow even when satisfied.
- D-needs: Driven by deprivation (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem).
- B-needs: Driven by the desire for personal growth and self-actualization.
Therefore, option A accurately describes the fundamental mechanics of D-needs and B-needs within Maslow's paradigm.
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