Sigmund Freud
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Based on an in-depth analysis of the various stages and characteristics of Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory, if a child is at a developmental stage where the majority of their libidinal and psychological energy is centered around the 'anal region', and due to excessive strictness or permissiveness by parents during toilet training, permanent personality traits such as extreme orderliness, stubborness, stinginess, or conversely, extreme disorderliness and messiness develop in the child's personality. According to Freud's theory, this developmental stage and the resulting behavioral pattern match most accurately with which of the following options?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Freud's Anal Stage
According to Sigmund Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development, the second stage is the Anal Stage (approximately 1.5 to 3 years of age), where the child's libido is focused on bowel and bladder control.
- Anal-Retentive Personality: If parents are overly strict during toilet training, the child may develop a rigid, orderly, and stingy personality.
- Anal-Expulsive Personality: Conversely, if parents are too lenient, the child may develop messy, disorganized, and careless traits.
Therefore, the scenario described explicitly corresponds to the Anal Stage and its associated fixation traits.
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