Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Upon a rigorous analysis of Edward Thorndike's 'Theory of Identical Elements' related to the transfer of learning and B.F. Skinner's concepts of 'Shaping' and 'Chaining' in operant conditioning, which of the following statements is most authentic and true from a philosophical and scientific perspective?
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एडवर्ड थार्नडाइक (Edward Thorndike) ने अधिगम के स्थानांतरण को समझाने के लिए 'समान अवयव का सिद्धांत' प्रतिपादित किया था, जिसके अनुसार एक परिस्थिति में सीखा गया ज्ञान दूसरी परिस्थिति में तभी स्थानांतरित होता है जब दोनों परिस्थितियों में कुछ अवयव (Elements) या सिद्धांत समान होते हैं। दूसरी ओर, बी.एफ. स्किनर (B.F. Skinner) के क्रियाप्रसूत अनुबंधन सिद्धांत में 'शेपिंग' (Shaping या अनुक्रमिक सन्निकटन) और 'चेनिंग' (Chaining) जटिल व्यवहारों को आकार देने की अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण तकनीकें हैं। इस विषय पर अधिक जानकारी के लिए विकिपीडिया संदर्भ देखा जा सकता है।
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