Moral & Character Development
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Under Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, a central and vital concept is the 'Social Contract and Individual Rights Orientation', defined as an advanced moral stage of the post-conventional level where individuals view laws and rules not as rigid and unalterable, but as flexible instruments for social welfare, fairness, and democratically agreed-upon contracts. Here, logical and human values are prioritized when individual rights and collective good conflict. Regarding the actual psychological implications and the scientific facilitation of students' democratic perspectives, moral autonomy, and social responsibility in classroom teaching, which of the following statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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लॉरेंस कोहलबर्ग के नैतिक विकास के सिद्धांत में 'सामाजिक अनुबंध और व्यक्तिगत अधिकार अभिविन्यास' (स्टेज 5) उत्तर-रूढ़िगत नैतिकता (Post-conventional Morality) का हिस्सा है। इस चरण में व्यक्ति यह समझता है कि कानून सामाजिक भलाई के लिए बनाए गए एक 'अनुबंध' की तरह हैं। यदि कोई कानून मानवाधिकारों या समाज की भलाई के विरुद्ध जाता है, तो उसमें परिवर्तन की आवश्यकता होती है। कक्षा-कक्षीय संदर्भ में, यह चरण विद्यार्थियों को लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों, तार्किक संवाद, नियमों के पीछे के उद्देश्य को समझने और नैतिक स्वायत्तता विकसित करने में मदद करता है। अतः विकल्प (b) सबसे अधिक प्रामाणिक और वैज्ञानिक है।
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