Thorndike: Trial and Error
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Under Edward Thorndike's 'Trial and Error Theory', the central concept of the 'Law of Effect' posits that responses followed by satisfying consequences strengthen the S-R bond, while those followed by annoying consequences weaken it. Regarding its psychological implications and scientific application in classroom teaching for student reinforcement, habit formation, and effective learning, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Thorndike's Law of Effect
The Law of Effect proposed by Edward Thorndike is a foundational pillar of the Trial and Error learning theory. It states that behaviors followed by pleasant or satisfying outcomes are strengthened, whereas those followed by discomfort are weakened.
- Positive Reinforcement: Satisfying results act as positive reinforcers, strengthening the Stimulus-Response (S-R) bond.
- Classroom Application: In modern pedagogy, appreciation, rewards, and constructive feedback are direct applications of this law, fostering sustainable and meaningful learning.
- Self-Motivation: Positive outcomes encourage students to willingly repeat desired behaviors, promoting internal motivation.
Therefore, option B is the most scientifically valid and pedagogically sound statement.
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