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Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
Asked 2 months ago · Viewed 4,726 times
हिन्दी English

Upon a deep analysis of the fundamental theoretical and functional assumptions between Ivan Pavlov's 'Classical Conditioning' theory and B.F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning' theory, which of the following statements most accurately clarifies the distinction between them?

Detailed Explanation

Understanding Conditioning Theories

In Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning, a conditioned stimulus is presented before an unconditioned stimulus, and the response (such as salivation) is natural or involuntary, which is termed S-R (Stimulus-Response) learning.

In contrast, in B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning, the organism acts actively upon the environment, and its consequences (reinforcement) determine whether that behavior will be repeated, which is known as the R-S (Response-Stimulus) model.

  • Pavlov: Focuses on respondent behavior (involuntary, elicited by stimuli).
  • Skinner: Focuses on operant behavior (voluntary, emitted by the organism and shaped by consequences).
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